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Keramikos
Keramikos was named after the community of the potters (keramis) who occupied the whole area along the banks of river Eridanos.
The walls of Athens, which were constructed in the 5th century B.C. by Themistocles, divided the area into two sections, the "inner" and "outer" Keramikos.
The wall had two gates, Dipylon and the Sacred Gate, placed at the outset of the two most important processional roads of Athens, the Panathenaic Way which led to the Acropolis, and the Sacred Way which led to Eleusis.
Outside the city walls, along the sides of both roads lay the official cemetery of the city, which was continuously used from the 9th century B.C. until the late Roman period.
Systematic excavations on the site were begun in 1870 by the Greek Archaeological Society under the direction of St. Koumanoudis, and were continued during the following decades in collaboration with the German archaeologists A. Brueckner and F. Noack. In 1913, the Greek Government entrusted the excavations to the German Archaeological Institute, which is still conducting the investigation of the site.
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